Microogranisms+Associated+with+Periodontal+Disease

Microogranisms Associated with Periodontal Disease

Gram+/-Shape, Aerobic/Anaerobic || Classification of periodontal disease associated with microrganism || Specific Pathogenic Characteristic ||
 * Microorganism || Nomenclature
 * Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans/ Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans || A.a., gram negative, rod, facultative anaerobe, nonmotile || Aggressive periodontitis, may also be seen in chronic || Releases collagenase to destroy CT, proteases that destroy immunoglobulins, and produces leukotoxin to make holes in neutrophils, monocytes, and some lymphocytes ||
 * Porphyromonas gingivalis || Gram negative, rod, anaerobic, nonmotile || Chronic periodontitis || Has proteases that degrade the immunoglobulin molecule and complement proteins, negating their protective effects, also releases a factor that interferes with PMN chemotaxis to inflammation site.Its fimbriae mediate adhesion, and it has a capsule to defend against phagocytosis. ||
 * Tannerella forsythensis (Bacteroides forsythus) || Gram negative, rod, anaerobic, nonmotile || Chronic periodontitis, aggressive periodontitis || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Produces enzymes that can destroy immuneglobulins and factors of the complement system. Also induces apoptotic cell death. ||
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Campylobacter rectus || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Gram negative, rod, facultative anaerobe, motile || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">gingivitis, chronic periodontitis, localized aggressive periodontitis, refractory || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Produces a leukotoxin ||
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Eikenella corrodens || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Gram negative, rod, facultative, nonmotile || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Aggressive periodontitis, chronic periodontitis || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">indolent in nature, associated with oral contamination, difficult to isolate. ||
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Eubacterium nodatum || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Gram positive, rod, anaerobic || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">chronic periodontitis || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">similar to A.a ||
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Fusobacterium Nucleutum || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Gram negative, rod, anaerobic, nonmotile || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">chronic periodontitis, aggressive periodontitis, gingivitis || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Induces apototic cell death in mononuclear and polymorphonuclear cells, as well as trigger the release of cytokines, elastase, and oxygen radicals from leukocytes. Can also bridge colonization of different bacterias. ||
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Prevotella intermedia || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Gram negative, rod, anaerobic, nonmotile || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">gingivitis, chronic periodontitis, necrotizing ulcerative gingivitis/periodontitis, pregnancy/puberty gingivitis || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Less virulent and less proteolytic than P. gingivalis ||
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Peptostreptococcus micros || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Gram positive, cocci, anaerobic || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">chronic periodontitis, refractory || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Has a capsule which increases its virulence, enhances the effects of Prevotella by means of a synergistic relationship, causes macrophages to produce cytokines ||
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Capnocytophaga species || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Gram negative, rod, facultative, nonmotile || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">gingivitis, localized aggressive and chronic periodontitis || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">produce toxins that affect fibroblasts and their synthesis/turnover of collagen ||
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Treponema denticola || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">gram-negative, motile, spirochete, anaerobic || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">chronic periodontitis, ANUP || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Produces proteolytic enzymes that destroy immunoglobulins or complement factors. Spirochetes can can travel through crevicular fluid, penetrate epithelium and connective tissue. Some can also degrade collagen and dentin. ||
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Streptococcus intermedia-complex || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">gram-positive, cocci, facultative anaerobe || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">chronic peridontitis, gingivitis || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">produces hyaluronidase, which is an enzyme that breaks down hyaluronan, a major component of the extracellular matrix of connective tissue, has fimbriae that help it attach to the pellicle ||
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Actinomyces species || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">gram positive, facultative anaerobic, rod || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">typically present in health as well as disease, present in early gingivitis, chronic perio || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">It posses a number of virulence factors including leukotoxins ,collagenase, and a protease. ||
 * <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Fusobacterium species || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">gram- cigar-shaped bacillus, obligate anaerobe || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">gingivitis, NUG/NUP, chronic and aggressive periodontitis || <span style="background-color: transparent; color: #000000; font-family: Times New Roman; font-size: 16px; text-decoration: none; vertical-align: baseline;">Can induce apoptotic cell death in mononuclear and PMNs cells and trigger the release of cytokines elastase an oxygen radicals from leukocytes. ||