Week+6+Big+Ideas

What were the Big Ideas in the readings and class discussion for week #6? Chapter 9 describes the steps in plaque formation and different pathogens that are present in the plaque. In chapter 10, the author describes composition and role of supra and sub gingival calculus and other iatrogenic predisposing factors in development of periodontal diseases. In chapter 11 the author describes how genetic factors can also influence the development and progression of the periodontal diseases.

Ch 9: Explains how teeh provide a hard, non-shedding surface that allows the development of bacterial deposits. Accumulation & metabolism of bacteria on teeth are the primary cause of caries, gingivitis, periodontitis, periimplantitis, and bad breath. There are gram positive commensal and beneficial bacteria that is always present through saliva, it is when plaque is left undisturbed that it allowed to mature and more gram negative bacteria thrive. There are different locations of plaque adherence, supra and subgingival. There is a definite shift in microbes present in gingivitis compared to periodontitis. Ch 10: Plaque left undisturbed calcifies over time and turns into calculus. Calculus creates an irregular surface that aids in the adherence of more plaque. Calculus contributes to periodontal disease by keeping plaque in close contact with the gingival tissues and creates areas where plaque is inaccessible and therefore not readily removed. There are other predisposing factors that contribute to gingival inflammation and periodontal destruction, e.g. iatrogenic factors, malocclusion, orthodontic treatment, third molars, tobacco use, and radiation therapy. Ch 11: Periodontal disease may be attributed to individual differences in susceptibility to disease, thus the genetic link. However, it is still crucial to identify and control environmental risk factors that may contribute to periodontal disease. ACS #35

Ch. 9: Describes the formation of plaque and how specific microorganisms are associated with gingival disease and periodontal disease. The microorganisms present in the oral environment determine whether the tissue is in a healthy or diseased state. Ch 10: Describes the relationship between calculus and periodontal disease. Calculus allows for the attachment of plaque, which is the cause of perio disease, so the removal of calculus is important in the treatment of periodontitis Ch. 11: Describes how there is a link between periodontal disease and genetics.

Ch. 9 The big ideas are the bacteria associated with gingivitis and periodontal disease and the fomation of periodontal disease and the bacterial growth associated with it. Gingivitis is usually associated with gram positive cocci and rods whereas periodontal disease is associated with more gram negative rods and spirochetes. Ch. 10 The big ideas in this chapter are that not only calculus is the cause of gingival inflammation, other predisposing factors contribute as well. Such factors include malocclusion, faulty restorations, orthodontics, toothbrush abraision or self inflicted injuries, tobacco use and radiation therapy. CH. 11 The big ideas in this chapter are that genetics play a role in periodontal disease. Aggressive periodontitis may be caused by genetic susceptibility and chronic perio may be associated with the parent's genetic profile.

week 6 Ch.9 The big idea to me was the relationship of colonization of bacteria in the oral cavity and how its out come that result in gingivitis and periodontitist. Ch.10 The Big idea to me was the supra and subgingival calculus how and where it adhers to the teeth and its composition. Also other predisposing factors such as iatrogenic factors along with oral anatomy that make contribute to the colonization of calculus. Ch.11 The big idea was the genetic composition of an individual and the corralstion of periodontal disease in that individual due to their genenetic makeup.

Chapter 9 The body contains many microorganisms which benefit the body, but sometimes the microorganisms are harmful for the body. This chapter discusses the types of microorganisms involved in gingivitis and periodontal disease. Chapter 10 Calculus, iatrogenic factors, malocclusion, orthodontic therapy, extractions of wisdom teeth, self-inflicted injuries, tobacco use, and radiation therapy can contribute to gingival inflammation in patients. Chapter 11 This Chapter discusses the genetic risk factors associated with periodontal disease.

Ch9- Each area of the mouth and periodontium is inhabited by specific types of bacteria, which mass together to form matrices known as plaque. As the disease process progresses, the bacterial colonies alter their composition. Ch. 10- Calculus, both supra and subgingival, plays a role the progression of gingivitis to periodontitis because if it is allowed to accumulate, plaque adheres to it and multiplies. Calculus especially forms on surfaces that are uneven or that are hard to access in personal OH, so it needs to be removed regularly for effective plaque control. Ch. 11-Genes affect the periodontium because they play a role on the types of native bacteria that are present and on the susceptibility of the host to virulent forms of bacteria. Genetic conditions can also present oral health complications that damage the periodontium.

---
Big idea 9-11 Gingivitis (gingival inflammation) is caused by bacterial plaque, and other factors including calculus, malocclusion and iatrogenic factors, anatomic factors, orthodontic tx, traumatic injuries, tobacco use, radiation therapy, and genetic predisposition. Plaque is an unmineralized whitish/yellowish/grayish substance that is full of bacterial colonies. Plaque is formed by a pellicle being formed allowing bacteria to attach, then mature. First colonies are gram + next colonies are gram -. When plaque is allowed to stay on a surface it then begins to mineralize and harden. When plaque mineralizes it become calculus which can build and impinge on the periodontium leading to destruction of tissues.

Big Ideas CH-9- The different types of microorganisms that contribute to the formation of plaque and how it leads to gingivitis and periodontitis. CH10- The formation of calculus and role it plays by composition, attachment of the tooth surface and mineralization that leads to gingival inflammation. Predisposing factors such as malocclusion, open margins, trauma, radiation therapy and smoking can also play a role in gingival inflammation. CH-11-How genetic factors can have a correlation with periodontal disease.

Ch. 9
 * More than 500 different species are capable of colonizing in an adult mouth. Dental plaque clinically looks white, yellow-gray substance that adheres tenaciously to intraoral hard surfaces. Plaque cannot be removed by rinsing or by being sprayed with water. Dental plaque is classified based on its position, supragingival plaque is found at or above the gingival margin and subgingival plaque is below the gingival margin, between the tooth and sulcus. The sulcus contains crevicular fluid that the bacteria use as a form of nutrients. Plaque is visible within 1-2 days with no oral hygiene


 * Ch. 10
 * Calculus is classified as supragingival or subgingival according to its relation to the gingival margin. Supragingival calculus gets it mineral source from our saliva. Most common area it develops is the buccal surface of the maxillary molars and the lingual surface if the mandibular anterior teeth and it is related to the location of salivary ducts. Subgingival calculus is located below the gingival margin and cannot be seen visually, felt by exploring. Calculus is dental plaque that has mineralized.

Ch. 9: Chapter nine discusses the etiology of periodontal disease. Colonization of hundreds of species of bacteria plus the individuals host defense (and genetic risk factors) are key in the formation periodontal disease. Presence of different types of bacteria in the oral cavity indicate how long the infection has been taken place. Often times the identification of the different species of bacteria can be correlated with the periodontal health of the patient Ch. 10. Chapter 10 discusses the different types of calculus based on location and the role it plays in periodontal disease. Differences in tooth structure, maloclussion, and restorations can help calculus aid in the progression of calculus formation. Ch. 11: Chapter 11 discusses how genetic factors can play a role in the progression on periodontal disease.

Ch. 9: Explains the diversities of dental plaque. It describes how the microorganisms of plaque begin and later manifest into gingivitis and periodontitis. Ch. 10: Talks about the different locations of calculus in the oral cavity and how they affect the gingival tissues and osseous. It also explains the variety of factors that contribute to the development of periodontal disease. Ch.11: This chapter talks about the variety of studies that are associated with how genetics link with periodontal disease. The searches can be complicated because there are many causes to periodontal disease that can be genetic or non-genetic.

Ch. 9: Describes the formation of plaque and how it is associated with gingivitis and periodontal disease. Ch. 10: Discusses the formation of calculus and the role it plays in the progression of periodontal disease. Ch. 11:Discusses the correlation between genetics and periodontal disease.

Ch. 9- Explains the structure, composition, growth, formation, and properties of plaque and how it is associated with periodontal diseases. Also it discusses the specific microorganisms associated with specific periodontal diseases. Ch. 10- Discusses different types of calculus, composition, types of attachment, and formation of calculus. Discusses predisposing factors that can contribute to periodontal diseases, such as iatrogenic factors, malooclusion, ortho therapy, extractions or impacted third molars, habits or delf inflicting injuries, tobacco use, and radiation therapy. Ch. 11- Discusses different studies that link genetic factors with different types of periodontal diseases. AS36

Ch. 9- This chapter discussed periodontal disease at a microscopic level. It discusses what the composition of dental plaque is and how it is categorized as supragingival and subgingival plaque. It talks about the acquired pellicle and the plaque formation: acquired pellicle, plaque adhesion, bacterial colonization, and plaque maturation. Ch. 10- This chapter is about calculus and how it is categorized into supragingival calculus and subgingival calculus. It also talks about the compostion of the calculus and how it adheres to the tooth. It talks about predisposing factors and how these factors can make it easier for calculus to form. Ch. 11- This chapter is about genetic factors and the relationship between these factors and periodontal diseases. SF 25